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Interesting history of Liverpool

By: Jessica Thomson


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The year 1190 could be considered as the year birth of the city of Liverpool. The place was then known as "Liuerpul". There are theories regarding the name of the place. But, it is officially considered that the city was established as a new borough of "Livpul" on 28 August, 1207 by a letters patent issued by King John. The place initially served the purpose of sending troops to Ireland after a Liverpool Castle was built around 1235. St. Nicholas Church was built in 1257 originally as a chapel. But, for several centuries, it remained as a neglected and small place. It probably had a population of about 1000 in mid 14th century. By middle of 16th century population had farther reduced to 600.
By the end of 16th century, the town began to grow economically and in 1626, Charles I gave the town a new charter. First cargo to America was sent in 1648 and the place started growing after the Restoration of 1660 as trade started growing with America and West Indies.
On 3rd October, 1699 first slave ship set sail from Liverpool for Africa and finally arrived in Barbados with slaves. The first wet dock in Britain was set up in Liverpool and was completed on 1715. By the end 18th century, Liverpool accounted for 80% of British slave trade with America. Vast profits made in slave trade made Liverpool one of the most important cities of Britain.
As the Industrial Revolution started, international trade of the city started growing. Various commodities were being traded along with thriving slave trade. Most important commodity traded during this period was cotton which was supplied to textile mills of Manchester and Lancashire. The slave trade ended in 1834 with abolition of slavery in British colonies. As the importance of the place increased, it was first connected by canal with Manchester in 1721 and finally linked with Manchester by rail which was the first inter-city railway linkup.
Throughout the 19th century, the city continued to grow. It was fuelled by cotton as well as its strong trade link with India and the Far East. Irish migrants started arriving in the city because of famine in their home country. By 1851, 25% of city population was Irish. Similarly, people from Wales started flocking to the city from 1851 to 1911.
Liverpool was granted city status on 1880 and the University was established next year. By 1901, its population has increased to 700,000.
In the early 20th century, the growth of the city continued with people from many parts of Europe arriving. During this period, it is considered to be the "Second city of the British Empire". But, its fortune started to deteriorate from 1920s and unemployment started to rise.
During World War II, it was the centre for carrying out the Battle of the Atlantic. After the war ended, massive rebuilding was carried out. But, from 1950s, the city started going downhill with many factories shutting down.
In 1960s it became a well known place with the increasing popularity of The Beatles. But, its economic decline continued. But, since 1995, the economy is now growing very fast, higher than the national average. The city attracts lots of tourist because of the fame the place has acquired because of The Beatles and it contributes significantly towards the city's economy. Many new apartments Liverpool are being built and demand for hotels in Liverpool is also increasing because of this increased economic activity.

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